Turkey as Normative Power: Connections with the Muslim Brotherhood during the Arab Spring

Abstract

The debate on normative power has mainly been focused on the European Union. This is partly owing to the fact that its conception is very Euro/Western centric. Yet, it is assumed that the concept is applicable to other actors. The aim of this paper therefore is to examine Turkey and whether its actions embody normative power in Syria and Egypt during the Arab Spring. It applies de Zutter’s four-step methodology of identifying normative power. The result is mixed. In the case of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Turkey tried to be a normative power but failed, due to a lack of recognition. In the case of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, Turkey was perceived as a normative power due to the combination of its Islamic identity, adherence to democracy, and the role of religion in its society. The implications of this are significant, since this paper demonstrates that normative power can travel outside of its Euro/Western centric context. At the same time, it also demonstrates that the norms are different and context specific.

Keywords

Norms, Normative Power, Arab Spring, Islamic Identity, Turkish Model

Citation

Beatrix Futák-Campbell and Hylke de Sauvage Nolting, “Turkey as Normative Power: Connections with the Muslim Brotherhood during the Arab Spring”, Uluslararasi Iliskiler, Vol. 19, No. 74, 2022, pp. 3-19, DOI: 10.33458/uidergisi.1113201

Affiliations

• Beatrix FUTÁK-CAMPBELL, Assistant Professor, Leiden University, Department of International Relations & Aberystwyth University, Department of International Politics
• Hylke de SAUVAGE NOLTING, Postgraduate, Leiden University College, The Hague